So far, only two studies, performed in acute medical or haematological wards, have examined the combined effect of central ADD with BCMA on MAEs, with CPOE already in place. Studies on central ADD have shown relative reductions in MAE rates of approximately 50–60%, while most studies on the effect of BCMA have shown relative reductions of 30–60%. Combining central ADD with BCMA may have a synergistic effect on medication errors by facilitating a closed-loop system, when combined with an electronic medical record (EMR) or a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system. Promising interventions include automated unit dose dispensing (ADD) and barcode-assisted medication administration (BCMA). However, the remaining high MAE rates warrant additional system defences. Many interventions to prevent these errors have been implemented. Medication administration errors (MAEs) occur in about 10%, ranging from approximately 5% to 20% of medication administrations in hospitals. Thus, although drug therapy remains a cornerstone for the treatment of many diseases, possible process difficulties may compromise patient safety. Medication-related incidents account for the highest proportion of preventable harm. Medication errors, patient safety, medication administration error, barcode, medication systems, hospital IntroductionĪ recent meta-analysis has shown that at least 1 in 20 patients is affected by preventable patient harm in healthcare settings and that approximately 12% of preventable harm causes permanent disability or patient death.
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